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What does that number mean?

You read something in a study like t(38) = 2.24, p = .03 — or an F, a χ², a z — and you want to know what it says. Type it in. The number appears on the curve, and the p-value is nothing more than the shaded area in the tail.

Recognizes e.g. t(38) = 2.24, F(2,45) = 3.6, χ²(1) = 6.3, z = 1.96 — or set it by hand below.

the value or the p cutoff at α =

p =—

How it looks in the table

Using and understanding probability tables The full explanation: where those tables come from, why a t‑table looks different from a z‑table, and how to read precisely between the rows and columns.

From De regressieve ruggengraat (in Dutch) · Hoofdstuk 6 — Hoe beslis je? · the chapter on deciding
CountCamp · one number, one picture — learn to feel statistics, learn to read research